#HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EXPOSURE UPDATE#
#HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EXPOSURE SKIN#

#HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EXPOSURE UPDATE#

NIOSH: Draft Criteria Document Update - Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium.NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Chromium (VI).Evaluation of the genetic alterations in direct and indirect exposures of hexavalent chromium in leather tanning industry workers North Arcot District, South India. Balachandar V, Arun M, Mohana Devi S, Velmurugan P, Manikantan P, Karthick Kumar A, Sasikala K, Venkatesan C.ATSDR: Toxicological profile for chromium.See annual publication for most recent information. ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chromium and inorganic compounds: Hexavalent chromium compounds, as Cr(VI), and water-soluble compounds.NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Skin, dermal sensitization (DSEN) and respiratory sensitization (RSEN) (for water-soluble compounds)ĮPA-A K D CBD, IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, TLV-A1ĪIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:Īdditional Resources and Literature References See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.

1000 Table Z-2for any operations or sectors where the exposure limits in §1910.1026 are stayed or otherwise not in effect.ĬARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. OSHA's Chromium (VI) standard applies to occupational exposures to any chromium species with a valence of positive six, regardless of form or compound. Hexavalent Chromium Filters (For Wipe Samples Only) Īll samples taken for CHROMIUM VI COMPOUNDS should be shipped to the OSHA SLTC within 24 hours after sampling by overnight delivery for stabilization and analysis.Īll sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.Ġ.0002 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) Ġ.0005 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) For Welding and Painting Operations use Hexavalent Chromium Filters and Cassettes (37 mm PVC) or (25 mm PVC) For Plating Operations use 37 mm Quartz Fiber Filter coated with 1% NaOH Long-term studies in which animals have been exposed to low levels of chromium in food or water have produced no harmful effects. A study using immune-function assay described reduced production of cytokines in individuals who were exposed to chromate. Hudson County, NJ, was a major center for the processing of chromium ore. Reports on adverse effects from low-level environmental exposures in human populations are limited. Besides the lungs and intestinal tract, the liver and kidney are often target organs for chromate toxicity. Apart from the carcinogenic potential, prolonged exposure can result in bronchitis, rhinitis, or sinusitis or the formation of nasal mucosal polyps. Lung cancer is the most serious long-term effect.

Ulcers can penetrate deep into soft tissue or become the sites of secondary infection, but are not known to lead to malignancy. The characteristic chrome sore begins as a papule, forming an ulcer with raised hard edges. These commonly occur on the fingers, knuckles, and forearms. When a solution of chromate contacts the skin, it can produce penetrating lesions known as chrome holes or chrome ulcers, particularly in areas where a break in the epidermis is already present. Chromate dusts can also produce irritation of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes, nasal ulcers and perforations, keratitis, gingivitis, and periodontitis.

#HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EXPOSURE SKIN#

Repeated skin contact with chromium dusts can lead to incapacitating eczematous dermatitis with edema. Burns initially resemble first and second degree burns, but extend to subcutaneous tissue within a couple of days. Systemic symptoms and death have occurred after external burns, with a delay of onset of gastrointestinal symptoms of hours and days. The average oral lethal dose of Cr(VI) in humans is 1-3 grams (Meditext 2005). Īcute Cr(VI) poisonings are often fatal regardless of the therapy used.

coma, and even death, depending on the dose.

intense gastrointestinal irritation or ulceration and corrosion,.

Severe exposures to Cr(VI) compounds are usually accidental or intentional (suicide), and are rarely occupational or environmental. Acute poisoning is likely to occur through the oral route, whereas chronic poisoning is mainly from inhalation or skin contact.

Hexavalent chromium exposure